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조갑제 기자가 세계사를 논하는게 ‘엽기적’일 수 밖에 없는 이유

태극기인권운동2026-03-01목록으로 건너뛰기

<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">조갑제 기자가 세계사를 논하는게 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">‘</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">엽기적</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">’</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">일 수 밖에 없는 이유 </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"> </span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">헤겔의 세계사 인식론을 구글</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">ai</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">에 물어보았다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">“AI </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">개요</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔에게 있어서 세계사는 단순한 과거 사건의 나열이 아니라 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">절대정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Absolute Spirit)'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이 스스로의 본질인 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">자유</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">를 이 땅 위에서 실현해 나가는 합리적이고 변증법적인 과정으로 인식됩니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">그의 역사관을 핵심 요약하면 다음과 같습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">1. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">자유 의식의 진보 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">역사의 목적</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔은 세계사를 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">"</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">자유 의식이 발전해 온 과정</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">"</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">으로 정의합니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">역사는 동양</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">한 사람만 자유</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">) -> </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">그리스</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">·</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">로마</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">몇몇이 자유</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">) -> </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">게르만 세계</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">모두가 자유</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">로 나아가며정신이 스스로가 자유로운 존재임을 깨닫는 과정입니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">2. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이성의 간지 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">역사의 운동 방식</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">역사는 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">"</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이성이 세계를 지배한다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">"</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">는 전제하에 진행됩니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">하지만 이성은 인간의 구체적인 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">열정</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">정념</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이나 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">욕망</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">을 도구로 삼아 역사를 전개하는데이를 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이성의 간지</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(List der Vernunft)'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">라고 합니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">인간은 자신의 욕망을 충족시키려 행동하지만결국은 이성의 더 큰 목적</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">자유</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">을 실현하게 된다는 논리입니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">3. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">변증법적 전개 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">역사의 발전 법칙</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">세계사는 변증법적</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">정</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">-</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">반</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">-</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">합</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">) </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">과정을 통해 발전합니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">하나의 민족이나 문명</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">정</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이 한계를 드러내면 다른 문명</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">반</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">과 충돌하고이를 지양</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Aufheben)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">하며 더 높은 차원의 자유로운 국가</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">합</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">로 나아갑니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">국가는 이러한 정신이 객관적으로 실현된 형태이며헤겔은 국가를 형성한 민족의 역사만을 진정한 세계사로 봅니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">4. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">절대정신의 자기실현</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">세계사는 곧 정신이 자기 자신을 알아가는 과정입니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">역사의 시작과 끝은 정신이 자유에 대한 인식을 완성하는 것이며 헤겔은 이를 통해 역사 속에서 합리성</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이성</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">을 발견하고자 했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">결론적으로 헤겔은 세계사를 이성이 주도하여 우연처럼 보이는 사건들을 통해 필연적인 자유를 완성해 나가는 거대한 변증법적 과정으로 보았습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.”</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"> </span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"> </span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">‘</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">절대정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">’</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">이란 말은 사실은 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">1990</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">년대도 들어왔다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">. </span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">재차 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">‘</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">=</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">성령</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">’</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">이 맞냐고 구글 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">ai</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">에 물어보았다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"> </span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">AI </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">개요</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">네맞습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔이 철학 용어로 사용하는 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">은 독일어로 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'Geist(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">가이스트</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이며이 단어는 기독교에서 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">성령</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Heiliger Geist)'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이나 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">영</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Spirit)'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">을 뜻하는 단어와 같습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">하지만 헤겔이 이 단어를 사용할 때는 일반적인 종교적 의미에 철학적역사적 의미를 더하여 매우 폭넓게 사용했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">핵심적인 내용은 다음과 같습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">1. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">동일한 독일어 단어</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">: Geist (</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">가이스트</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">) </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">독일어 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'Geist'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">는 영어의 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">Mind(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">/</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">지성</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)Spirit(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">영</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">/</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)Ghost(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">유령</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">를 모두 포함하는 포괄적인 단어입니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">따라서 성경에서 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">성령</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">을 말할 때도 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">Heiliger Geist</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">라고 하고헤겔의 </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">《</span></span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">정신현상학</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">》 </span></span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">원제인 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">Phänomenologie des Geistes</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">에도 똑같은 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">Geist</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">가 쓰입니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">2. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔의 정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Geist)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">의 의미</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔에게 정신은 단순히 개인의 마음이 아니라인간 공동체와 역사 속에서 형성되고 발전하는 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">보편적 의식</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이나 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">문화적 정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">을 뜻합니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">시대정신 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Zeitgeist): </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">한 시대를 관통하는 하나의 절대적인 정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">절대정신 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Absolute Geist): </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">예술종교철학을 통해 스스로를 인식하는 정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">3. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">기독교의 성령과 헤겔 정신의 연결 고리</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔은 기독교의 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">성령</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">' </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">개념을 철학적으로 재해석했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">그는 하나님을 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">"</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">스스로를 드러내는 정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">"</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">으로 보았으며삼위일체 중 성령을 교회 공동체 안에서 활동하는 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">사랑의 정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">으로 이해했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔은 역사 속에서 인간의 의식이 개인적 차원에서 벗어나 보편적인 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">우리</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">가 되어가는 과정을 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">성령</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">의 자기 실현</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">' </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">과정으로 보았습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">요약하자면</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔이 사용한 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Geist)'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">은 독일어에서 성령</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Heiliger Geist)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">과 같은 단어가 맞으며헤겔은 기독교의 성령 개념을 철학적으로 승화시켜 역사를 이끌어가는 보편적이고 역사적인 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">영</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">으로 이해했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">헤겔 사상은 철학이지만</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">, </span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">독일신학자들이 헤겔의 사고관을 이용한 사례를 물어보았다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">AI </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">개요</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">네그렇습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">게오르크 빌헬름 프리드리히 헤겔</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(G.W.F. Hegel)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">의 철학은 위르겐 몰트만</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Jürgen Moltmann)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">을 비롯한 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">20</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">세기 독일 신학자들에게 중요한 사고의 바탕이자 신학적 상상력</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이미지</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">을 전개하는 틀로 매우 폭넓게 사용되었습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔의 역사철학과 변증법은 고정된 존재가 아닌 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">‘</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">변화하고 발전하는 역사 속의 신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">’</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이라는 이미지를 형성하는 데 기여했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">1. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">위르겐 몰트만과 헤겔의 영향</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">희망의 신학자 위르겐 몰트만은 헤겔을 직접적으로 인용하거나 맹목적으로 따르진 않았지만그의 신학적 구조 내에 헤겔의 요소를 창조적으로 재해석하여 반영했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">변증법적 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">Trinity (</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">삼위일체</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">): </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">몰트만은 고정적이고 부동적인 하나님의 개념에서 벗어나역사와 고난 속에서 대립</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">반</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">과 화해</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">합</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">를 통해 자신을 전개하는 헤겔적 변증법을 삼위일체론에 도입했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">특히 </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">《</span></span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">십자가에 못 박히신 하나님</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">》</span></span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">에서 십자가의 고난을 하나님의 내적 사건으로 해석할 때 이러한 구조가 나타납니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">역사적인 신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">: </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔은 역사를 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">‘</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">정신</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Geist)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이 자유를 실현해가는 과정</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">’</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">으로 보았는데몰트만은 이를 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">‘</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">하나님</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">종말론적 희망</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이 역사의 고난에 참여하며 만유 안에 거하는 과정</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">’</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">으로 변형시켜 수용했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">십자가와 역사</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">: </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">몰트만은 헤겔의 변증법을 사용하여 십자가의 고난과 부활을 정</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Thesis)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">과 반</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Antithesis)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">의 모순을 넘어선 새로운 종합</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Synthesis)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">으로 해석했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">2. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">독일 신학에서의 헤겔 활용 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">판넨베르크융엘 등</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">) </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">몰트만뿐만 아니라 다른 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">20</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">세기 독일 신학자들도 헤겔의 철학을 긍정적으로 재평가했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">볼프하르트 판넨베르크 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Wolfhart Pannenberg): </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔의 역사의식과 변증법을 활용하여 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">‘</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">역사로서의 계시</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">’</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">를 주장했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">그는 헤겔의 관념론적 역사관을 신학적으로 수용하여 하나님의 신성이 역사적 사건들을 통해 최종적으로 드러난다고 보았습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">에베하르드 융엘 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Eberhard Jüngel): </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔을 통해 하나님의 고난</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(Theopaschitism) </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">문제를 다루며독일 관념론과 대화하며 신학을 전개했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">3. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">헤겔적 사고이미지의 특징</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이들 신학자들은 헤겔의 다음 요소를 신학적 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이미지</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">로 사용했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">역사성</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">: </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">신학은 멈춰있는 교리가 아니라 시대와 함께 움직이는 것이다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">모순과 고난</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">: </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">십자가의 아픔은 하나님 외부의 사건이 아니라 하나님의 본질적 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">고난</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">결합</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">합</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">): </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">인간의 절망과 하나님의 구원이 역사의 과정 속에서 결합된다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">결론적으로위르겐 몰트만을 포함한 독일의 현대 신학자들은 헤겔의 변증법적 역사 이해를 바탕으로</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">"</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">고난받으시며역사 속에서 종말론적 희망을 향해 나아가시는 삼위일체 하나님</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">"</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이라는 강력한 신학적 사고이미지를 만들어 냈습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">세계사는 결국은 하나님 창조세계로서 대변되는 세계의 사실을 체험하는 자료로서</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">, </span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">사료 읽기의 사제가 맞는가 문제와 연결돼 있다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">.</span></span></span><br><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">“</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">세계사</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">”</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">란 단어는 사실은 인식에서 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">‘</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">겸손</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">’</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">해야 하는 용어다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">. </span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">반면에</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">, </span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">조상숭배 중화</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">/</span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">이적 사상에서는 겸손할 필요가 없다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">. </span></span><span style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕">씨족중심으로 난도질 비판할 수 있으니 그러하다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">AI </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">개요</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">조상숭배</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">祖上崇拜</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">) </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">신앙과 특정 씨족</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">/</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">문명 중심의 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">중화</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">/</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이적</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">華夷</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)' </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">세계관을 바탕으로 한 세계사 인식은 현대적 의미의 객관적인 역사 서술로서는 불가능하지만당대의 주관적</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">/</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">문명적 세계 인식 틀로서는 존재가 가능했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이 세계관은 문명과 야만을 구분하는 기준이 되며역사적 사실을 자기중심적으로 재해석하게 만드는 구조적 한계를 가집니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">구체적인 이유는 다음과 같습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">1. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">역사 인식의 불가능성 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">구조적 한계</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">자기중심적 타자화</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">: </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">중화</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">華</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">는 문명의 중심</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">황제</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">/</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">씨족</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이고이적</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">夷</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">은 야만으로 타자화하여 문명의 발전을 오직 중화 문명의 전파로만 제한하여 해석합니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">보편적 역사의 결여</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">: </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">세계의 다양한 문명을 평등하게 인식하지 않고오직 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">중화</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">를 중심으로 한 계층적 질서</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">조공 시스템</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">) </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">속에서만 세계를 이해합니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">객관성 저해</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">: </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">조상과 혈연그리고 유교적 명분론</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">정통성</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">을 최우선으로 하기 때문에객관적인 실증보다는 명분과 윤리에 입각한 역사 서술이 중심이 됩니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">2. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">문명적 세계 인식의 가능성 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">당대적 관점</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">화이관</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">華夷觀</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">에 기반한 질서</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">: 2,000</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">년 이상 동아시아에서 화이관은 국제 관계를 규율하는 시스템으로 작동했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">문화적 변용 가능성</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">: </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">중화</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">/</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이적의 구분이 혈통보다는 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">문화적 수준</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">유교문명화 정도</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">에 따라 결정되기도 하여이적도 중화가 될 수 있다는 논리적 확장성은 존재했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">소중화</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">小中華</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">) </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">인식</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">: </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">조선과 같은 주변국도 스스로를 중화의 계승자로 설정하여 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">소중화</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">' </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">의식을 기반으로 나름의 세계 질서를 인식했습니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#9c3b00"> </span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">결론</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">조상숭배와 중화</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">/</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이적 세계관은 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">문명</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">중화</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">) </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">대 야만</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">(</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이적</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">)'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이라는 이분법적 구조 속에서 세계사를 인식하게 하므로인류사의 보편성과 다양성을 다루는 현대적 의미의 세계사 인식은 불가능합니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">이는 역사적 사실을 주관적으로 왜곡하거나 누락할 가능성이 매우 높은 세계관입니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">.</span></span></span><br><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">다만이는 과거 동아시아인들이 스스로의 정체성을 규정하고 주변 세계와 상호작용했던 그들만의 주관적 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">세계 인식의 틀</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">'</span></span><span style="font-family:함초롬바탕"><span style="color:#9c3b00">로서 존재했음은 분명합니다</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing:0pt"><span style="color:#9c3b00">. </span></span></span><div dis-id="hwpEditorBoardContent" class="hwp_editor_board_content" data-hjsonver="1.0" data-jsonlen="41698"> </div>

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